Create a Timeline highlighting the changes in political parties Essay

Create a Timeline highlighting the changes in political parties - Essay Example This paper will basically have to objectives firstly, give a description of the contributions that capitalism, agriculture, and industrialization have had on economics, economic development, regional specialization, and social reform, taking into consideration the timeline between 1780 to 1850, and the contributions that democracy has had on the market revolution. Secondly, it will identify the beginning of American expansionism, how it has shaped foreign relations and the contributions expansionism has had on the growth of democracy. From 1823 to 1836 most individuals were farmers: trading and industrialization were very minimal. Capitalism at that time was known as mercantilism in that it trade was controlled by the government, powerful individuals and monopolies (Hollis, 2008). It is evident that in the absence of a democracy, aristocracy is bound to prevail in that a small group of people control power and the economy. Lack of democracy before the period of 1780 to 1850 limited t he poor and powerless in that they had no chance to engage in any economic activity, only the powerful and rich could freely participate (Hollis, 2008). The ownership of land and harvesting of agricultural products in 1790s ensured food security. Individuals owned lands in which they cultivated resulting in a surplus production of food. This led them to sell the surplus food to other people who did not produce food. Individuals could also sell their agricultural products to other people who produced different products from theirs. People wanted to protect and invest their acquired properties, this required peace and so, they avoided war at all cost. The idea of individuals owning their own property made the government to let individuals participate freely in political matters. This participation in turn led to social reforms. Individuals from minority groups could become political leaders fighting for their own course (Mohl, 1997). The advent of capitalism ensured that individuals c ould own private property. Many scholars throughout the years have argued that a clear democracy results from a capitalist industrialization. Furthermore, democracy will flourish in a society that has strongly embraced individual responsibility. The new civilization that rose from 1780s was supported by the pillars of capitalism and democracy. Capitalism brings about democracy when individuals pursue their self-interest which in turn leads to social harmony (Sanders, 1999). In capitalism, many people benefit from one person’s self-interest economic. Capitalism and democracy ensured that the state and the economy were strictly separated. Individual rights and also rights for private ownership in 1780s were more respected since that was part of democracy. All in all the growth of democracy was spear headed by capitalism because of the recognition it had on individuals owning their lives and property as long as they do not harm others (Joy, 2003). Regional specialization was hig hly seen in the 1820s in America, the South had big plantations and exported agriculture while the people in the North focused on trade and business. Most agricultural products came from the South, since they had big plantations the South was the sole exporter of agricultural products. On the other, hand putting up steel manufacturing industry in Pennsylvania brought about regional

Digital Intellectual Property Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Digital Intellectual Property - Essay Example If that source code—or the idea behind the software—is not available to the public, then the software is â€Å"closed source† (Anderson, 2004). In the case of open source software, the opposite is true. The source code is available to the public and can be altered by the public without a violation of the license. Thus, software can range between having its source code completely blocked off from the public, to software where the source code is read-only to the public, to software where the source code is open to the world and alterable (Richard, 2003). This issue of making software â€Å"open source† and freely available to all to change creates some ethical problems in the era of rapid transfer of files over the internet. There are a number of avenues to use when analyzing any ethical issue. Perhaps the most common method in academic philosophy is a utilitarian perspective. Built on the concern that any action should maximize the happiness of society as a whole, utilitarianism would not be able to answer the question of whether open source software is ethical. Many of those questions, such as â€Å"is human knowledge advanced by full and free access to all information?†, are unanswered and reflect larger discussions about intellectual property protection (Ravitch, 2010). ... With respect to rights, the matter hinges upon the existence of individuals’ rights to their intellectual property, which is a guaranteed offered under United States federal law. According to the philosophy of the GNU Operating System distributors, â€Å"‘Free software’ is a matter of liberty, not price. To understand the concept, you should think of ‘free’ as in ‘free speech,’ not as in ‘free beer.’† (GNU Webmasters, 2009). When compared to the right to free speech, the comparison invites further questions about whether the two are truly comparable, or even similar, in nature. Beyond the rights issue, there is also the virtue perspective, in which some have argued that open source helps people think and learn as they share useful knowledge, therefore contributing to the well-being and human flourishing of all. Sharing this knowledge is, to some, â€Å"a fundamental act of friendship† (Ravitch, 2010). However, t o others, this knowledge only came about through effort and time, which therefore gives it some monetary value. Therefore, the argument could be made that open source software is encouraging the virtues of thieves, not friends. Again, another perspective on ethics raises more questions than it answers. Finally, the common good perspective on open source is optimistic about the potential for good done to the whole of humanity. According to the Catholic Church, â€Å"cyberspace ought to be a resource of comprehensive information and services available without charge to all, and in a wide range of languages† (Foley & Pastore, 2002). Although this kind of view depends on accepting some of the other ethical tenants of the Church, this perspective is valuable in